Description
This textbook contains information essential for successful experiments at low temperatures. The first chapters describe the low-temperature properties of liquids and solid matter, including liquid helium. Most of the book is devoted to refrigeration techniques and the physics on which they rely, the definition of temperature, thermometry, and a variety of design and construction techniques. The lively and practical style make it easy to read and particularly useful to anyone beginning research in low-temperature physics. Low-temperature scientists will find it of great value due to its extensive compilation of materials data and relevant new results. Professor of Physics at the Universities of Cologne (1975-1983), Bayreuth (1983-1996), Dresden (1997-2003); Director at the Forschungszentrum Jlich (1975-1983); Scientific Director of the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf (1996-2003); Editor of “Journal of Low Temperature Physics” from 1992 – 2005; President (Past president) of Leibniz Gemeinschaft 1998-2001 (2001-2005) Properties of Cryoliquids.- Solid Matter at Low Temperatures.- Thermal Contact and Thermal Isolation.- Helium-4 Cryostats and Closed-Cycle Refrigerators.- Helium-3 Cryostats.- The 3He-4He Dilution Refrigerator.- Refrigeration by Solidification of Liquid 3He: Pomeranchuck Cooling.- Refrigeration by Adiabatic Demagnetization of a Paramagnetic Salt.- Refrigeration by Adiabatic Nuclear Demagnetization.- Temperature Scales and Temperature Fixed Points.- Low-Temperature Thermometry.- Miscellaneous Cryogenic Devices and Design Aids.- Some Comments on Low-Temperature Electronics.
