Description
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Why 2D materials? References Chapter 2 Advances in Ultrathin 2D Materials 2.1 Revolution of 2D materials 2.2 Recent advances 2.2.1 Research highlights 2.3 Classification of 2DMs 2.3.1 Layered van der Waals solids 2.3.2 Layered ionic solids 2.3.3 Surface assisted non-layered solids References Chapter 3 Composition and Materials Chemistry 3.1 Graphene 3.1.1 Structural chemistry 3.1.2 Edge alignment in graphene 3.1.3 Band engineering 3.2 Transition metal dichalcogenides 3.2.1 Structural chemistry 3.3 Mxenes 3.3.1 Crystal structure 3.4 g-C3N4 3.4.1 Crystal structure 3.5 Covalent organic frameworks 3.5.1 Design principle 3.5.1.1 Symmetric topologies 3.5.1.2 Asymmetric topologies 3.6 Metal-organic framework 3.6.1 Structural chemistry References Chapter 4 Synthetic Protocols 4.1 Micromechanical cleavages 4.1.1 Scotch tape method 4.1.2 Viscoelastic stamps 4.1.3 Sandpaper-assisted exfoliation 4.1.4 Electrostatic-assisted exfoliation 4.1.5 Wet-grinding technique 4.1.6 Wet-jet milling method 4.1.7 Liquid exfoliations 4.1.7.1 Sonication-assisted liquid exfoliation 4.1.7.1.1 Sonication type and power 4.1.7.1.2 Sonication time 4.1.7.2 Shear force-assisted liquid exfoliation 4.2 Ion intercalation exfoliation 4.2.1 Intercalation routes 4.2.1.1 Chemical intercalation 4.2.1.2 Electrochemical intercalation 4.2.1.3 Intercalation chemistry of 2D materials 4.2.1.4 Mechanism 4.3 Oxidation-assisted exfoliation 4.4 Wet-chemical syntheses 4.4.1 Hydro/Solvothermal synthesis 4.4.2 2D-oriented attachment 4.4.3 Self-sssembly of nanocrystals 4.4.4 2D-templated synthesis 4.4.5 Hot-injection method 4.4.6 Interface-mediated synthesis 4.4.7 Other WC-synthesis methods 4.5 Chemical vapor deposition 4.5.1 Graphene and hexagonal Boron Nitride 4.5.1.1 Effect of substrate 4.5.1.2 Effects of precursor and pressure 4.5.1.3 Wafer-scale growth 4.5.2 Transition metal dichalcogenides 4.5.2.1 Effects of precursor and seed 4.5.2.2 Substrate engineering 4.5.2.3 Effect of temperature and gas 4.5.2.4 Layer-controlled and patterned growth References Chapter 5 2D-Heterostructures 5.1 Advances in 2D-van der Waals heterostructures 5.2 Properties 5.2.1 Band tuning 5.2.2 Charge transportation in 2D heterostructures 5.2.2.1 Mono-particle transports 5.2.2.2 Generation of interlayer excitons 5.2.3 Magnetism in 2D heterostructures 5.3 Fabrication 5.3.1 Mechanical transfer methods 5.3.2 CVD growth 5.3.2.1 One-step CVD method 5.3.2.2 Two-step CVD method 5.3.2.3 Multi-step CVD method 5.3.2.4 Vertically stacked 2D heterojunctions 5.3.2.5 Laterally stacked 2D heterojunctions 5.3.3 Doping and chemical functionalization 5.3.4 Electrostatically assembled heterostructures 5.3.4.1 Flocculation 5.3.4.2 Langmuir-Blodgett assembly 5.4 Advance applications of 2D-heterostructures 5.4.1 Tunneling devices 5.4.2 Interaction with light 5.4.2.1 Photovoltaic applications 5.4.2.2 Light-emitting diodes 5.4.3 Plasmonic devices References Chapter 6 Energy-related Applications 6.1 Energy harvesting 6.2 Mechanical energy harvesting 6.2.1 Piezoelectric energy harvesting 6.2.1.1 Piezoelectricity in 2D materials 6.2.1.1.1 In-plane piezoelectricity 6.2.1.1.2 Out-of-plane piezoelectricity 6.2.1.2 Piezoelectric nanogenerators 6.2.1.2.1 MoS2-based energy harvesters 6.2.1.2.1.1 Superior piezoelectricity from grain boundary in MoS2 monolayers 6.2.1.2.2 WSe2-based energy harvesters 6.2.1.2.3 a-In2Se3-based energy harvesters 6.2.1.2.3.1 In2Se3-based heterostructures for piezoelectricity 6.2.1.2.3.2 Physical mechanism 6.2.1.2.4 h-BN energy harvesters 6.2.1.2.4.1 Performance of BN-based nanogenerator 6.2.1.2.4.2 Mechanism 6.2.1.2.5 Other 2D materials-based energy harvesters 6.3 Solar energy harvesting 6.3.1 Solar cells 6.3.1.1 TMDCs in Si-based solar cells 6.3.1.2 TMDCs in organic solar cells 6.3.1.3 2D Materials in perovskites solar cells 6.3.1.3.1 Device architecture 6.3.1.3.2 2D Materials-based conventional perovskites solar cells 6.3.1.3.2.1 Electron transport layer 6.3.1.3.2.2 Hole transport layer 6.3.1.3.2.3 Active layer 6.3.1.3.3 Inverted perovskites solar cells 6.3.1.3.3.1 Electron transport layer 6.3.1.3.3.2 Hole transport layers 6.3.1.3.3.3 Active layer 6.3.2 Hydrogen evolution 6.3.2.1 Transition metal dichalcogenide 6.3.2.2 Graphene-like materials 6.3.2.3 2D-MOFs and composites 6.3.2.4 MXenes and composites 6.3.2.5 Other 2D materials 6.3.3 Oxygen evolution reaction 6.3.4 Reduction of CO2 6.4 Energy storage devices 6.4.1 Supercapacitors 6.4.1.1 Graphene-based supercapacitors 6.4.1.1.1 High volumetric capacitance graphene-based materials 6.4.1.2 Transition metal dichalcogenides 6.4.1.3 MXenes 6.4.1.4 Other 2D materials 6.4.2 Rechargeable batteries 6.4.2.1 Lithium-ion batteries 6.4.2.2 Sodium-ion batteries 6.4.2.3 Other batteries 6.5 Wearable energy harvesting and storage devices 6.5.1 Flexible supercapacitors 6.5.1.1 Flexible stability of wearable supercapacitors 6.5.2 Wearable batteries 6.5.2.1 Energy storage performances 6.5.2.2 Flexible stability of wearable batteries 6.5.3 Photodetectors 6.5.4 Other types of wearable energy harvesters References Chapter 7 Concluding Remarks and Outlook 7.1 Challenges 7.2 Suggestions Index
