Description
Surfacants from Renewable Resources is a comprehensive text that meets scientists’ demand for information on new biodegradable surfacants with safer properties for modern industrial formulations. This edited volume explores the current status of the research and applications of “green” surfactant chemistry. It provides an overview to the desired properties in different fields and focuses on bio-based products that have the potential to improve sustainability of natural resources and environmental quality. Aimed primarily at industrial researchers in companies producing surfacants, this book presents the arguments for green and sustainable materials. Series Preface Preface Acknowledgements List of Contributors Part 1: Renewable Hydrophobes 1. Surfactants based on natural fatty acids, Martin Svensson 1.1 Introduction and History 1.2 Fats and Oils as Raw Materials 1.3 Fatty Acid Soaps 1.4 Polyethyleneglycol Fatty Acid Esters 1.5 Polyglycerol fatty acid esters 1.6 Conclusions References 2. Nitrogen Derivatives of Natural Fats and Oils Ralph Franklin 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Manufacture of Fatty Nitrogen Derivatives 2.3 Production Data 2.4 Ecological Aspects 2.5 Biodegradation 2.6 Properties of Nitrogen-based Surfactants 2.7 Applications 2.8 Conclusions References 3. Surface-Active Compounds as Forest-Industry By-Products Bjarne Holmbom, Anna Sundberg and Anders Strand 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Resin and Fatty Acids 3.3 Sterols and Sterol Ethoxylates 3.4 Hemicelluloses Acknowledgement References Part 2: Renewable Hydrophiles 4. Surfactants based on Carbohydrates and Proteins for Consumer Products and Technical Applications Karlheinz Hill 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Raw materials 4.3 Products and Applications 4.4 Conclusion 5. Amino acids, lactic acid and ascorbic acid as raw materials for biocompatible surfactants Carmen Moran, Lourdes Perez, Ramon Pons, Aurora Pinazo and M Rosa Infante 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Production of raw materials 5.3 Lysine based surfactants 5.4 Lactic acid based surfactants 5.5 Ascorbic acid based surfactants References Part 3: New ways of making renewable building blocks 6. Synthesis of ethylene, propylene from ethanol or methanol Anna Lundgren and Thomas Hjertberg 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Why Produce Ethylene from Renewable Resources? 6.3 Production of Ethylene from Renewable Feed Stock 6.4 Commercialization of Bioethylene 6.5 Environmental Impact of Bioethylene 6.6 Certificate of Green Carbon Content 6.7 Concluding Remarks References 7. Fermentation based building blocks for renewable resource based surfactants KrisArvid Berglund, Ulrika Rova, David B. Hodge 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Existing and Potential Classes of Surfactants from Biologically-Derived Metabolites 7.3 Fermentation-Based Building Blocks with Large Existing Markets 7.4 New Fermentation-Based Building Blocks Conclusion References Part 4: Biosurfactants 8. Enzymatic synthesis of biosurfactants, Patrick Adlercreutzand Rajni Hatti-Kaul 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Enzymes as catalysts for synthesis of surfactants 8.3 Enzymatic synthesis of polar lipids useful as surfactants 8.4 Carbohydrate esters 8.5 Fatty amide surfactants 8.6 Amino acid-based surfactants 8.7 Alkyl glycosides 8.8 Future prospects Acknowledgement References 9. Surfactants from waste biomass Flor Yunuen Garcia-Becerra, David Grant Allen, and Edgar Joel Acosta 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Surfactants obtained from biological transformation of waste biomass 9.3 Surfactants obtained from chemical transformation of waste biomass 9.4 Summary and outlook 9.5 References 10. Lecithin and Phospholipids Willem van Nieuwenhuyzen 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Sources and production 10.3 Composition 10.4 Quality and analysis of lecithins 10.5 Modification 10.6 Emulsifying properties 10.7 Applications 10.8 Legislation and reach 10.9 Conclusion References 11. Sophorolipid and rhamnolipid synthesis and their application in cleaning products Dirk Develter and Steve Fleurackers 11.1 Sophorolipids 11.2 Derivatives of native sophorolipids 11.3 Biosynthesis of novel sophorolipids 11.4 Rhamnolipids 11.5 Cleaning applications using sophorolipids and rhamnolipids References 12. Saponin based surfactants Wieslaw Oleszek and Arafa Hamed 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Molecular properties 12.3 Sources of saponins 12.4 Saponins as emulsifiers and surfactants 12.5 Application of saponins as surfactants and emulsifiers References Part 5: Polymeric surfactants/Surface active polymers 13. Surface active polymers from cellulose Leif Karlson 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Structure and synthesis of cellulose ether 13.3 Cellulose ethers in aqueous solution 13.4 Interaction with surfactants 13.5 Clouding References 14. New developments in the commercial utilisation of lignosulfonates Rolf Andreas Lauten, Bernt O. Myrvold and Stig Are Gundersen 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Lignosulfonates 14.3 Lignosulfonate production 14.4 Environmental issues 14.5 Lignosulfonates as stabilisers for emulsions and suspoemulsions 14.6 Superplasticizers for concrete 14.7 Summary Acknowledgements References 15. Dispersion stabilizers based on inulin Tharwat F. Tadrosand Bart Levecke 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Solution Properties of long-chain inulin and hydrophobically modified inulin (HMI) 15.3 Interfacial Aspects of HMI at Various Interfaces 15.4 Emulsions Stabilized Using HMI 15.5 Emulsion Polymerization Using Hydrophobically Modified Inulin (HMI) 15.6 Use of HMI for Preparation and Stabilisation of Nano-Emulsions References
